Surds and Logarithmic Functions

42 questions

1.28: Solve the equation Show clear algebraic working.

4PM1/1/June/2025 — Question 10 · 11 marks

Solve the equation
(i)log4(6y5)=3(i) \mathrm{log}_4(6y - 5) = 3
(2)
(ii)log4(43x)2log2(x25)3=0(ii) \mathrm{log}_4(4 - 3x)^2 - \mathrm{log}_2(x^2 - 5) - 3 = 0
Show clear algebraic working.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
(9)

1.34: Complete the table of values for giving your answers to one decimal place.

4PM1/1/November/2025 — Question 8 · 12 marks

1.34 diagram 1
(a) Complete the table of values for y=3x2\displaystyle y = 3^x - 2 giving your answers to one decimal place.
x\displaystyle x-1-0.500.250.50.7511.52
y\displaystyle y-1.7-113.27
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of y=3x2\displaystyle y = 3^x - 2 for 1x2\displaystyle -1 \leq x \leq 2
(2)
(c) Use your graph to obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the value of log34.5\displaystyle \mathrm{log}_3 4.5
Show clearly how you have used your graph.
(3)
(d) By drawing a straight line on your grid obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the root of the equation log3(83x)x=0\displaystyle \mathrm{log}_3(8-3x) - x = 0 in the interval 1x2\displaystyle -1 \leq x \leq 2
(5)
Only use this grid if you need to redraw your graph.

1.29: Past-paper question 1

4PM1/1R/June/2025 — Question 1 · 3 marks

(86)w=50(8 - \sqrt{6})w = 50
Without using a calculator, find the value of w\displaystyle w
Give your answer in the form a+b6c\displaystyle \frac{a+b\sqrt{6}}{c} where a\displaystyle a and b\displaystyle b are integers and c\displaystyle c is prime.
Show your working clearly.
(3)

1.30: Complete the table of values for giving your answers to 2 decimal places.

4PM1/1R/June/2025 — Question 7 · 10 marks

(a) Complete the table of values for y=3log3(x2x)2x\displaystyle y = 3 \mathrm{log}_3(x^2 - x) - 2x giving your answers to 2 decimal places.
x\displaystyle x1.31.522.533.5
y\displaystyle y-3.79-2.11
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of y=3log3(x2x)2x\displaystyle y = 3 \mathrm{log}_3(x^2 - x) - 2x for 1.3x3.5\displaystyle 1.3 \leq x \leq 3.5
(2)
(c) By drawing a suitable straight line on the grid, obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the root of the equation
343x=9(x2x)3in the interval 1.3x3.53^{\frac{4}{3}x} = 9(x^2 - x)^3 \quad \text{in the interval } 1.3 \leq x \leq 3.5
(6)

1.31: Past-paper question 3

4PM1/2/June/2025 — Question 3 · 5 marks

Given that a+b5625=9+45c\displaystyle \frac{a+b\sqrt{5}}{6-2\sqrt{5}} = \frac{9+4\sqrt{5}}{c} where a\displaystyle a, b\displaystyle b and c\displaystyle c are prime numbers, find the value of a\displaystyle a, the value of b\displaystyle b and the value of c\displaystyle c
(5)

1.32: Complete the table of values for giving your answers to 2 decimal places.

4PM1/2/June/2025 — Question 7 · 10 marks

1.32 diagram 1
(a) Complete the table of values for y=log3(4x)+3\displaystyle y = \mathrm{log}_3(4-x) + 3 giving your answers to 2 decimal places.
x\displaystyle x00.511.522.533.5
y\displaystyle y4.2643.6332.37
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of y=log3(4x)+3\displaystyle y = \mathrm{log}_3(4-x) + 3 in the interval 0x3.5\displaystyle 0 \leq x \leq 3.5
(2)
(c) By drawing a suitable straight line on the grid, obtain an estimate,
to one decimal place, of the root of the equation 32x5(4x)3=0\displaystyle 3^{2x-5} - (4-x)^3 = 0 in the interval 0x3.5\displaystyle 0 \leq x \leq 3.5
(6)
Only use this grid if you need to redraw your graph.

1.35: Solve, using an algebraic method, the simultaneous equations

4PM1/2/November/2025 — Question 8 · 8 marks

Solve, using an algebraic method, the simultaneous equations
log27x3log3y=2\mathrm{log}_{27} x^3 - \mathrm{log}_3 y = 2
log6(x+3y)=3\mathrm{log}_6 (x + 3y) = 3
(8)

1.33: Solve the equation Give your answer in the form where is prime and is an integer.

4PM1/2R/June/2025 — Question 9 · 9 marks

(i) Solve the equation 3(loga9+loga27)=1\displaystyle 3(\mathrm{log}_a 9 + \mathrm{log}_a 27) = 1
Give your answer in the form a=bc\displaystyle a = b^c where b\displaystyle b is prime and c\displaystyle c is an integer.
(3)
(ii) Solve the equation log4p+logp256=4\displaystyle \mathrm{log}_4 p + \mathrm{log}_p 256 = -4
(6)

1.22: Find the value of such that (b) Show that (c) Hence solve the equation

4PM1/1/June/2024 — Question 9 · 9 marks

(a) Find the value of a\displaystyle a such that loga8=34\displaystyle \mathrm{log}_a 8 = \frac{3}{4}
(2)
(b) Show that
3xlog2x4log168+6xlog48log2x=log2(8x)3x13x \mathrm{log}_2 x - 4 \mathrm{log}_{16} 8 + 6x \mathrm{log}_4 8 - \mathrm{log}_2 x = \mathrm{log}_2(8x)^{3x-1}
(4)
(c) Hence solve the equation 3xlog2x4log168+6xlog48log2x=0\displaystyle 3x \mathrm{log}_2 x - 4 \mathrm{log}_{16} 8 + 6x \mathrm{log}_4 8 - \mathrm{log}_2 x = 0
(3)

1.24: The curve has equation (a) Using the axes below, sketch the graph of .

4PM1/1R/June/2024 — Question 7 · 9 marks

The curve C\displaystyle C has equation y=log4(x+4)\displaystyle y = -\mathrm{log}_4(x + 4)
(a) Using the axes below, sketch the graph of C\displaystyle C.
Label the coordinates of the points of intersection of C\displaystyle C with the coordinate axes and the equation of any asymptote to C\displaystyle C.
(4)
(b) Solve the equation log(x+4)256log4(x+4)=0\displaystyle \mathrm{log}_{(x+4)} 256 - \mathrm{log}_4(x + 4) = 0
(5)

1.26: Complete the table of values for giving your answers to 2 decimal places.

4PM1/2/November/2024 — Question 4 · 8 marks

1.26 diagram 1
(a) Complete the table of values for y=log10(6x1)x\displaystyle y = \mathrm{log}_{10}(6x-1) - x giving your answers to 2 decimal places.
x\displaystyle x0.250.511.522.53
y\displaystyle y-0.20-0.30-0.60
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of y=log10(6x1)x\displaystyle y = \mathrm{log}_{10}(6x-1) - x for 0.25x3\displaystyle 0.25 \leq x \leq 3
(2)
(c) By drawing a suitable straight line on the grid, obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the root of the equation
103x42=6x1 in the interval 0.25x310^{\frac{3x-4}{2}} = 6x-1 \text{ in the interval } 0.25 \leq x \leq 3
(4)
Only use this grid if you need to redraw your graph.

1.27: Solve the equation (ii) Solve the equation Give your answers in exact form

4PM1/2/November/2024 — Question 6 · 11 marks

(i) Solve the equation 5(logb9+logb3)=3\displaystyle 5(\mathrm{log}_b 9 + \mathrm{log}_b 3) = 3
(4)
(ii) Solve the equation 3log3x+3logx27=8log4128\displaystyle 3\mathrm{log}_3 x + 3\mathrm{log}_x 27 = 8\mathrm{log}_4 128
Give your answers in exact form.
(7)

1.25: Past-paper question 6

4PM1/2R/June/2024 — Question 6 · 7 marks

1.25 diagram 1
Figure 1 shows part of the graph of the curve with equation y=x+2(4x+1)\displaystyle y = x + 2^{-(4x+1)}
By drawing a suitable straight line on the graph, obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the roots of the equation log2(83x)+4x=0\displaystyle \mathrm{log}_2(8 - 3x) + 4x = 0 in the interval 2x6\displaystyle -2 \leq x \leq 6
(7)

1.20: Figure 1 shows the triangle Without using a calculator, find the value of and the value of

4PM1/1/November/2023 — Question 1 · 4 marks

1.20 diagram 1
Figure 1 shows the triangle ABC\displaystyle ABC
ABC=90AB=(2+45)cmBC=(a+b5)cmwhereaandb are integers.\angle ABC = 90^\circ \quad AB = (2 + 4\sqrt{5}) \mathrm{cm} \quad BC = (a + b\sqrt{5}) \mathrm{cm} \quad \mathrm{where} a \mathrm{and} b \text{ are integers.}
The area of triangle ABC=(34+115)cm2\text{The area of triangle } ABC = (34 + 11\sqrt{5}) \mathrm{cm}^2
Without using a calculator, find the value of a\displaystyle a and the value of b\displaystyle b
(4)

1.16: A Figure 1 shows the rectangle .

4PM1/1R/June/2023 — Question 1 · 4 marks

1.16 diagram 1
A
(a+b2)cm\displaystyle (a + b\sqrt{2})\mathrm{cm}
Figure 1 shows the rectangle ABCD\displaystyle ABCD.
AD=BC=(42)cmandAB=DC=(a+b2)cmwhereaandb are integers.AD = BC = (4 - \sqrt{2}) \mathrm{cm} \mathrm{and} AB = DC = (a + b\sqrt{2}) \mathrm{cm} \mathrm{where} a \mathrm{and} b \text{ are integers.}
The area of the rectangle is (10+2)cm2\displaystyle (10 + \sqrt{2}) \mathrm{cm}^2
Find the value of a\displaystyle a and the value of b\displaystyle b
Show your working clearly.
(4)

1.17: Complete the table of values for giving your answers to one decimal place.

4PM1/1R/June/2023 — Question 4 · 9 marks

(a) Complete the table of values for y=x2+6e2x+1\displaystyle y = \frac{x}{2} + 6\mathrm{e}^{-2x} + 1
giving your answers to one decimal place.
x\displaystyle x011.523456
y\displaystyle y72.03.04.0
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of y=x2+6e2x+1\displaystyle y = \frac{x}{2} + 6\mathrm{e}^{-2x} + 1 for 0x6\displaystyle 0 \leq x \leq 6
(2)
(c) By drawing a suitable straight line on your graph, obtain estimates, to one decimal place, of the roots of the equation
2x+ln(245x)=ln362x + \mathrm{ln}(24 - 5x) = \mathrm{ln} 36
(5)
Only use this grid if you need to redraw your graph.

1.18: Past-paper question 1

4PM1/2/June/2023 — Question 1 · 5 marks

Given that a+2535=11+b52\displaystyle \frac{a + 2\sqrt{5}}{3 - \sqrt{5}} = \frac{11 + b\sqrt{5}}{2} where a\displaystyle a is an integer and b\displaystyle b is prime,
find the value of a\displaystyle a and the value of b\displaystyle b
Show your working clearly.
(5)

1.1: Simplify a surd expression

4PM1/1/June/2022 — Question 1 · 3 marks

Given that
23433+5=a+b3,\frac{2\sqrt{3}-4}{3\sqrt{3}+5}=a+b\sqrt{3},
where a\displaystyle a and b\displaystyle b are integers, find, without using a calculator, the value of a\displaystyle a and the value of b\displaystyle b.
Show your working clearly.
(3)

1.2: Complete the table of values for y = 1 + 3e⁻ˣ

4PM1/1/June/2022 — Question 6 · 11 marks

(a) Complete the table of values for
y=1+3exy = 1 + 3\mathrm{e}^{-x}
giving your answers to 2 decimal places where appropriate.
x\displaystyle x0\displaystyle 00.25\displaystyle 0.250.5\displaystyle 0.51\displaystyle 11.5\displaystyle 1.52\displaystyle 23\displaystyle 3
y\displaystyle y3.34\displaystyle 3.342.82\displaystyle 2.821.67\displaystyle 1.671.15\displaystyle 1.15
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of
y=1+3exfor0x3y = 1 + 3\mathrm{e}^{-x} \quad \text{for} \quad 0 \leq x \leq 3
(2)
(c) By drawing an appropriate straight line on the grid, obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the root of the equation
x=exin the interval0x3x = \mathrm{e}^{-x} \quad \text{in the interval} \quad 0 \leq x \leq 3
(3)
(d) By drawing an appropriate straight line on the grid, obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the root of the equation
ln(x1)3=3xin the interval0x3\mathrm{ln}\,(x-1)^3 = -3x \quad \text{in the interval} \quad 0 \leq x \leq 3
(4)

1.3: Logarithmic graph and equations

4PM1/1R/June/2022 — Question 7 · 11 marks

A curve C\displaystyle C has equation
y=log10(x+2).y=\mathrm{log}_{10}(x+2).
(a) Using the axes below, sketch the graph of C\displaystyle C. Label the coordinates of the points of intersection of C\displaystyle C with the coordinate axes.
(2)
(b) Solve the equation
2(loga4+loga16)=1.2\left(\mathrm{log}_a4+\mathrm{log}_a16\right)=1.
(3)
(c) Solve the equation
5logq16+4log2q=24.5\mathrm{log}_q16+4\mathrm{log}_2q=24.
(6)

1.5: Complete the table of values for y = e³ˣ⁻²

4PM1/2R/June/2022 — Question 5 · 7 marks

(a) Complete the table of values for
y=e3x2y = \mathrm{e}^{3x-2}
giving your answers to 2 decimal places.
x\displaystyle x0\displaystyle 00.25\displaystyle 0.250.5\displaystyle 0.50.75\displaystyle 0.751\displaystyle 1
y\displaystyle y0.14\displaystyle 0.142.72\displaystyle 2.72
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of
y=e3x2for0x1y = \mathrm{e}^{3x-2} \quad \text{for} \quad 0 \leq x \leq 1
(2)
(c) By drawing a suitable straight line on the grid, obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the root of the equation
3x=2+ln(3x)3x = 2 + \mathrm{ln}\,(3-x)
(3)

1.6: Intersection and enclosed area of exponential curves

4PM1/2R/June/2022 — Question 8 · 11 marks

1.6 diagram 1
Figure 3 shows a sketch of part of the curves with equations
y=e3x1andy=99e3x.y=\mathrm{e}^{3x}-1 \qquad \text{and} \qquad y=9-9\mathrm{e}^{-3x}.
The curves intersect at the points A\displaystyle A and B\displaystyle B, as shown in Figure 3.
(a) (i) Show that the x\displaystyle x coordinates of A\displaystyle A and B\displaystyle B satisfy the equation
(e3x)210e3x+9=0.(\mathrm{e}^{3x})^2-10\mathrm{e}^{3x}+9=0.
(2)
(ii) Hence show that the x\displaystyle x coordinate of B\displaystyle B is 13ln9\displaystyle \frac{1}{3}\mathrm{ln}\,9.
(3)
(b) Find the exact area of the finite region bounded by the two curves.
(6)

1.7: Solve logarithmic equations

4PM1/1/June/2021 — Question 8 · 8 marks

Given that n\displaystyle n satisfies the equation
logan=loga3+loga(2n1),\mathrm{log}_a n=\mathrm{log}_a3+\mathrm{log}_a(2n-1),
(a) find the value of n\displaystyle n.
(3)
Given that
logpx=3andlogpy3logp2=4,\mathrm{log}_p x=3 \qquad \text{and} \qquad \mathrm{log}_p y-3\mathrm{log}_p2=4,
(b) (i) express x\displaystyle x in terms of p\displaystyle p,
(1)
(ii) express xy\displaystyle xy in terms of p\displaystyle p.
(4)

1.8: Complete the table of values for y = 3ˣ⁄⁴ + 2

4PM1/2/June/2021 — Question 7 · 9 marks

(a) Complete the table of values for
y=3x4+2y = 3^{\frac{x}{4}} + 2
Give your answers to 2 decimal places where appropriate.
x\displaystyle x0\displaystyle 01\displaystyle 12\displaystyle 23\displaystyle 34\displaystyle 45\displaystyle 5
y\displaystyle y3\displaystyle 33.32\displaystyle 3.325.95\displaystyle 5.95
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of
y=3x4+2for0x5y = 3^{\frac{x}{4}} + 2 \quad \text{for} \quad 0 \leq x \leq 5
(2)
(c) By drawing a suitable straight line on the grid, obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the root of the equation
log3(62x)4x=0\mathrm{log}_{3}(6-2x)^4 - x = 0
in the interval 0x5\displaystyle 0 \leq x \leq 5.
(5)

1.11: Solve logarithmic equations

4PM1/2/November/2020 — Question 4 · 7 marks

(i) Solve the equation
16logr4=log4r.16\mathrm{log}_r4=\mathrm{log}_4r.
(2)
(ii) Solve the equation
log59+log512+log515+log518=1+log5x+log5x2.\mathrm{log}_59+\mathrm{log}_512+\mathrm{log}_515+\mathrm{log}_518 =1+\mathrm{log}_5x+\mathrm{log}_5x^2.
(5)

1.12: Tangents to exponential curves

4PM1/2/November/2020 — Question 8 · 15 marks

The curve C1\displaystyle C_1 has equation
y=5e2x+4.y=5\mathrm{e}^{-2x}+4.
The curve C2\displaystyle C_2 has equation
y=e2x.y=\mathrm{e}^{2x}.
The curves C1\displaystyle C_1 and C2\displaystyle C_2 intersect at the point A\displaystyle A.
(a) Find the exact coordinates of A\displaystyle A.
(4)
The tangent at A\displaystyle A to C1\displaystyle C_1 intersects the x\displaystyle x-axis at the point B\displaystyle B.
(b) Show that the x\displaystyle x coordinate of B\displaystyle B is
12(5+ln5).\frac12(5+\mathrm{ln}\,5).
(5)
The tangent at A\displaystyle A to C2\displaystyle C_2 intersects the x\displaystyle x-axis at the point D\displaystyle D.
(c) Find the area of ABD\displaystyle \triangle ABD.
(6)

1.13: Complete the table of values for y = 2x + 1 + 2/x²

4PM1/2R/November/2020 — Question 4 · 11 marks

(a) Complete the table of values for
y=2x+1+2x2y = 2x + 1 + \frac{2}{x^2}
Give your answers to 2 decimal places where appropriate.
x\displaystyle x0.5\displaystyle 0.51\displaystyle 11.5\displaystyle 1.52\displaystyle 22.5\displaystyle 2.53\displaystyle 33.5\displaystyle 3.5
y\displaystyle y5\displaystyle 56.32\displaystyle 6.328.16\displaystyle 8.16
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of
y=2x+1+2x2for0.5x3.5y = 2x + 1 + \frac{2}{x^2} \quad \text{for} \quad 0.5 \leq x \leq 3.5
(2)
(c) Use your graph to obtain estimates, to 1 decimal place, of the roots of the equation
2x+2x2=7in the interval0.5x3.52x + \frac{2}{x^2} = 7 \quad \text{in the interval} \quad 0.5 \leq x \leq 3.5
(2)
(d) By drawing a suitable straight line on the grid, obtain estimates, to 1 decimal place, of the roots of the equation
3x2+2x2=5in the interval0.5x3.5\frac{3x}{2} + \frac{2}{x^2} = 5 \quad \text{in the interval} \quad 0.5 \leq x \leq 3.5
(5)

1.36: Rationalising a Surd

4PM1/1/June/2019 — Question 2 · 3 marks

Given that
4+23523\frac{4+2\sqrt{3}}{5-2\sqrt{3}}
can be written in the form
a+b3c,\frac{a+b\sqrt{3}}{c},
where a\displaystyle a and b\displaystyle b are integers and c\displaystyle c is prime, find the value of a\displaystyle a, the value of b\displaystyle b and the value of c\displaystyle c.
Show your working clearly.
(3)

1.37: Exponential Equations and Intersections

4PM1/1/June/2019 — Question 8 · 10 marks

(a) Solve
5p29p+4=0.5p^2-9p+4=0.
(2)
(b) Hence solve
52x+19(5x)+4=0.5^{2x+1}-9(5^x)+4=0.
Give your answers to 3 significant figures where appropriate.
(4)
The curve with equation
y=52x+1+5xy=5^{2x+1}+5^x
intersects the curve with equation
y=2(5x+1)4y=2(5^{x+1})-4
at two points.
(c) Find the coordinates of each of these two points.
Give your answers to 3 significant figures where appropriate.
(4)

1.38: Logarithmic Equations and Laws

4PM1/1/June/2019 — Question 9 · 12 marks

(a) Solve the equation
2logp9+3log3p=8.2\log_p 9+3\log_3 p=8.
(6)
Given that
log23=log43k,\log_2 3=\log_4 3^k,
(b) find the value of k\displaystyle k.
(2)
(c) Show that
6xlog4x3xlog235log4x+10log23=log4(x6x536x20).6x\log_4 x-3x\log_2 3-5\log_4 x+10\log_2 3 =\log_4\left(\frac{x^{6x-5}}{3^{6x-20}}\right).
(4)

1.39: Write down the value of

4PM1/1R/June/2019 — Question 3 · 7 marks

(a) Write down the value of
log39.\log_3 9.
(1)
(b) Solve the equation
log3(9t)=log9(12t)2+2,t>0.\log_3(9t)=\log_9\left(\frac{12}{t}\right)^2+2, \qquad t>0.
Give your answer in the form ab\displaystyle a^b, where a\displaystyle a and b\displaystyle b are prime numbers.
(6)

1.40: Complete the table of values for giving your answers to

4PM1/1R/June/2019 — Question 8 · 11 marks

(a) Complete the table of values for y=2+ln(2x+1)\displaystyle y=2+\ln(2x+1), giving your answers to 2 decimal places.
x\displaystyle x0\displaystyle 00.25\displaystyle 0.250.5\displaystyle 0.51\displaystyle 11.5\displaystyle 1.52\displaystyle 23\displaystyle 3
y\displaystyle y2\displaystyle 23.10\displaystyle 3.103.39\displaystyle 3.393.61\displaystyle 3.61
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of y=2+ln(2x+1)\displaystyle y=2+\ln(2x+1) for 0x3\displaystyle 0\leqslant x\leqslant3.
(2)
(c) By drawing an appropriate straight line on the grid, obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the root of the equation
ln(2x+1)=3x4\ln(2x+1)=3x-4
in the interval 0x3\displaystyle 0\leqslant x\leqslant3.
(3)
(d) By drawing an appropriate straight line on the grid, obtain an estimate, to one decimal place, of the root of the equation
e6x(2x+1)2=0\mathrm{e}^{6-x}-(2x+1)^2=0
in the interval 0x3\displaystyle 0\leqslant x\leqslant3.
(4)

1.42: Logarithmic Graphs and Equations

4PM1/2/January/2019 — Question 7 · 12 marks

1.42 diagram 1
1.42 diagram 2
(a) Complete the table of values for y=ln(3x+1)+2\displaystyle y=\ln(3x+1)+2, giving your answers to 2 decimal places.
x\displaystyle x0\displaystyle 01\displaystyle 12\displaystyle 23\displaystyle 34\displaystyle 45\displaystyle 56\displaystyle 6
y\displaystyle y2\displaystyle 23.95\displaystyle 3.954.30\displaystyle 4.304.94\displaystyle 4.94
(2)
(b) On the grid opposite, draw the graph of y=ln(3x+1)+2\displaystyle y=\ln(3x+1)+2 for 0x6\displaystyle 0\leqslant x\leqslant6.
(2)
(c) Use your graph to obtain an estimate, to 1 decimal place, for the value of ln10.6\displaystyle \ln 10.6.
You must show clearly how you have used your graph.
(3)
(d) By drawing a straight line on the grid, obtain estimates, to 1 decimal place, for the roots of the equation
(3x+1)2=ex+1(3x+1)^2=\mathrm{e}^{x+1}
in the interval 0x6\displaystyle 0\leqslant x\leqslant6.
(5)